GLP-1 receptor agonists (RAs), such as semaglutide and tirzepatide, are dramatically transforming the weight loss landscape. Overall, these drugs curb appetite and enhance insulin response. But they might come along with a certain risk of nutritional deficiencies.
Nutritional Deficits Uncovered
A recent study published in Frontiers in Nutrition reveals that many users are missing key nutrients. Specifically, researchers analyzed dietary patterns in patients who had used GLP-1 RAs for at least a month.
Significantly, GLP-1 users had lower intakes of essential vitamins and minerals.
Notably, the study found protein, calcium, vitamin D, iron, and B12 nutritional deficiencies. These nutrients are vital for energy, immunity, and muscle health.
Unfortunately, without enough of these, patients may face unwanted health problems. Specifically, these nutritional deficiencies can impact cardiovascular health and bone density.
Reason Behind Nutritional Deficits
GLP-1 drugs work by slowing digestion and reducing hunger. Consequently, patients eat less—sometimes too little. Over time, lower food intake can mean absorption of fewer nutrients and nutritional deficiencies.
Moreover, patients may focus on eating less, but not eating better. Notably, this a dangerous mindset when nutrients are already lacking. For example, skipping meals or relying on low-calorie snacks can worsen the problem.
Additionally, food choice also play a crucial role in helping prevent common side effects of GLP-1 RA use such as nausea and constipation.
UC Health registered dietitian and diabetes educator Shannon Christen reminded GLP-1 users about good food choices to avoid nutritional deficiencies.
“The mantra for people with diabetes and without diabetes is the same: We encourage them to eat 50% of what they would normally eat without the medication.”
“It’s got to be really intentional and nutritious,” Christen added. “Because if you’re only able to eat 50%, you should make every bite as nutritious as possible – protein, fiber, and hydration is the name of the game.”
Experts on Nutritional Deficiencies
Health professionals are raising concerns. For instance, some doctors warn that these nutritional deficiencies are often hidden.
Consequently, patients not only lose weight, but also muscle. Therefore, monitoring nutrient levels becomes essential.
Additionally, dietitians also emphasize balance, urging for eating smarter, not just less.
Foods That Fill the Gap
So, what should GLP-1 users eat? Specifically, experts recommend nutrient-dense meals rich in protein and fiber. For instance, include lean meats, dairy, legumes, and leafy greens. Whole grains and fortified cereals also help cover gaps in B vitamins and iron.
Furthermore, smoothies with Greek yogurt, fruit, and protein powder can help those with smaller appetites. In addition, nutritional shakes are also useful tools for hitting daily targets.
Pro Support on Nutritional Needs
Dietitians play a vital role in guiding patients toward preventing nutritional deficiencies. In particular, they can assess diets and recommend changes or supplements. Additionally, doctors should routinely screen for nutrient deficiencies during treatment.
Together, healthcare teams can ensure GLP-1 use remains safe and effective. Without support, patients risk long-term complications.
Looking Ahead
GLP-1 drugs are powerful tools for weight loss and diabetes control. Nevertheless, they come with responsibilities. Overall, preventing nutritional deficiencies is part of the treatment plan.
As this study shows, eating less doesn’t mean eating right. Patients must stay informed and proactive.
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