Scientists have been searching for new treatments to slow Parkinson’s Disease progression. However, a recent study shows that the GLP-1 drug exenatide offers little benefit. Researchers from University College London (UCL) conducted a rigorous trial and found no significant improvements in patients’ movement or symptoms.
Background on the GLP-1 Study
Patients commonly use exenatide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, to treat type 2 diabetes. Researchers had hoped it could also benefit Parkinson’s patients. Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease, a brain disorder, typically include stiffness of muscles, uncontrollable shaking, and potentially dementia.
Previous small studies hinted at potential neuroprotective effects. Epidemiological studies showed that people with diabetes taking GLP-1 drugs were less likely to develop Parkinson’s.
Meanwhile, two small studies suggested that the exenatide might slow down the disease’s development within a year. In addition, a larger preliminary study published in 2024 discovered that GLP-1 drug lixisenatide also might slow down Parkinson’s progression.
These early findings led to excitement in the medical community. Scientists believed the drug might slow Parkinson’s progression, providing much-needed relief.
To test this theory, UCL researchers launched a large clinical trial. They aimed to determine if exenatide could improve Parkinson’s symptoms. The study, one of the most extensive to date, followed a strict methodology to ensure accuracy.
Disappointing Results for GLP-1 Exenatide
The trial included 194 Parkinson’s patients from six hospitals across the UK. Participants received either weekly injections of exenatide or a placebo for 96 weeks. The study was double-blind, meaning neither patients nor researchers knew who received the GLP-1 drug.
After nearly two years, researchers assessed the results. Unfortunately, exenatide did not significantly improve motor function, brain imaging results, or symptom progression.
Professor Thomas Foltynie, who led the GLP-1 study, expressed frustration. “It’s hugely disappointing,” he said. “We were expecting we would come through and we would get a positive result.”
Dr. David Standaert, a Parkinson’s researcher at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, remarked, “What we had last year was a one-year trial and a small signal. What would happen if you went longer? Well, this is longer and there’s just not much here.”
Implications for Parkinson’s Research
The findings mark a stumbling block in the search for Parkinson’s treatments. Many had hoped that a diabetes drug could provide a solution. Unfortunately, researchers must rethink their approach and explore other options.
However, scientists are not giving up on GLP-1 drugs entirely. Some experts suggest that specific subgroups of Parkinson’s patients might still benefit from the drug. For instance, individuals with prediabetes might respond differently to treatment. The study also highlights the importance of rigorous clinical trials before adopting new treatments.
The Future of Parkinson’s Treatment
Although GLP-1 drug exenatide’s results are disappointing, research on Parkinson’s disease continues.
In the meantime, Parkinson’s patients should continue using proven treatments such as deep brain stimulation (DBS). Meanwhile, exercise, medication, and lifestyle adjustments remain essential for managing symptoms.
Ultimately, while GLP-1 medication exenatide may not be the answer, the search for a breakthrough continues. Scientists remain committed to finding an effective treatment for Parkinson’s Disease.
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